Galectin-3, the only chimera galectin found in vertebrates, is one of the best-studied galectins.It is expressed in several cell types and is involved in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes, such as cell adhesion, cell activation and chemoattraction, cell Whole-Body EMS Superimposed Walking and Nordic Walking on a Treadmill—Determination of Exercise Intensity to Conventional Exercise cycle, apoptosis and cell growth and differentiation.However, this molecule raises special interest due to its role in regulating cancer cell activities.Galectin-3 has high affinity for beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine branched glycans, which are formed by the action of the beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (Mgat5).
Mgat5-related changes in protein/lipid glycosylation on cell surface lead to alterations in the clustering of membrane proteins through lattice formation, resulting in functional advantages for tumor cells.Galectin-3 presence enhances migration and/or invasion of many tumors.Galectin-3-dependent clustering of integrins promotes ligand-induced integrin activation, leading to cell motility.Galectin-3 binding to mucin-1 increases transendothelial invasion, decreasing metastasis-free survival in an experimental metastasis model.
Galectin-3 also affects endothelial cell behavior by regulating capillary tube A Novel Prediction Model for the Sales Cycle of Second-Hand Houses Based on the Hybrid Kernel Extreme Learning Machine Optimized Using the Improved Crested Porcupine Optimizer formation.This lectin is found in the tumor stroma, suggesting a role for microenvironmental galectin-3 in tumor progression.Galectin-3 also seems to be involved in the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages, possibly contributing to angiogenesis and tumor growth.This lectin can be a relevant factor in turning bone marrow in a sanctuary for leukemia cells, favoring resistance to therapy.
Finally, galectin-3 seems to play a relevant role in orchestrating distinct cell events in tumor microenvironment and for this reason, it can be considered a target in tumor therapies.In conclusion, this review aims to describe the processes of tumor progression and metastasis involving extracellular galectin-3 and its expression and regulation.